How Textiles Contributes to Microplastic Pollution
As awareness grows about the environmental impact of microplastics, particularly in our oceans, it's crucial to understand their sources and effects. One significant contributor to microplastic pollution is textiles, especially those made from synthetic fibres. With over 14 million tonnes of microplastics accumulating on the ocean floor annually, urgent action is needed to mitigate this harm.
Source: Illustration by the Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production (CSCP) for the European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use (ETC/CE) and the EEA
The Problem
Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5mm, originate from various sources, including the degradation of larger plastic items and deliberate releases. When it comes to textiles, synthetic fibres shed microplastics during production, use, and disposal. Fast fashion exacerbates the issue due to its high turnover of low-quality garments, leading to frequent washing and accelerated fibre shedding.
Responsibility of the Fashion Industry
The fashion industry bears a significant responsibility for microplastic pollution. From manufacturing processes that contribute to microfibre release to the promotion of disposable fashion trends, the sector must prioritise sustainability. Sustainable design and production, including the use of natural fibres and responsible manufacturing practices, can mitigate microfibre shedding. Additionally, innovative technologies like washing machine filters and eco-friendly detergents can reduce microplastic emissions during garment care.
Source: European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use (ETC/CE) for the EEA (2021)
What Needs to Be Done
Addressing the microplastic problem requires a multifaceted approach:
Sustainable Design and Production: Shifting towards natural fibres and adopting eco-friendly production processes can minimise microfibre shedding from textiles.
People's Action: As individuals, we can take steps to reduce our contribution to microplastic pollution. Buying second-hand clothing is one of the best choices, as garments have already been washed several times, reducing the initial shedding of microfibres. Using laundry bags designed for synthetic materials can also help stop microplastics from entering wastewater during washing. When purchasing new clothes, opt for natural, eco-friendly materials. Recycled polyester is commonly used, but it's essential to ask brands about their efforts to prevent microplastic release during wear or washing.
Improved Waste Management: Enhancing textile waste collection and implementing effective end-of-life processing methods can prevent microplastics from entering the environment.
Source: ETC/CE and the EEA.
Microplastic pollution from textiles poses a significant threat to our environment and requires immediate action. By holding the fashion industry accountable, implementing sustainable practices, and empowering individuals to make eco-conscious choices, we can work towards a future where microplastic pollution is no longer a pervasive issue. Let's strive for a circular economy for textiles in Europe and beyond, where clothing is produced, used, and disposed of in a way that minimises harm to our planet.
Source: European Environment Agency